How do I collect and package the evidence and reference samples?
Please click here for detailed Evidence Handling Guidelines.

Can Orchid Cellmark extract DNA from a biopsy sample?
Yes, however the success is dependent on how long the tissue has been preserved in the chemical fixatives typically used in biopsy samples. Typical success rate is greater than 80%.

How many hairs are required for mitochondrial DNA testing?
Since it is possible that there might be hair samples from more than one individual in a group of hairs, it is our policy to work with hairs on an individual basis. Therefore, we only need one hair sample for mitochondrial DNA analysis.

What is the preferred length of hair for mitochondrial DNA testing?
Orchid Cellmark prefers to work with hair samples that are 10-20 mm. However if the hair sample is lighter in colour and/or a fine texture, a longer hair might be required. Mitochondrial testing can be attempted on hairs shorter than 10 mm if the client wishes.

What types of sample is needed from a deceased individual?
Typically long dense bones (about 2-3 inches) such as a femur work well, depending on the age and storage conditions of the bones. Intact molar teeth with no fillings or cavities also work well.

How old should a fetus be to test?
For the best chance of success, a fetus should be at least 8 weeks. Due to the possibility that the mother's DNA could be mixed in with that of the fetus, a known sample from the mother (e.g. cheek swab, blood sample) should also be shipped with the fetus. This sample will be used to confirm that the DNA from the fetus is unique from that of the mother. There is no additional charge for the mother's sample.

Can DNA be obtained from a urine sample?
10-20 ccs are typically required to generate a DNA profile.

When DNA is being extracted from a stain on an item of material, how large an area is needed to get good results?
Orchid Cellmark prefers to work with items that are at least 3mm x 3mm but we may be able to produce a DNA profile from smaller areas, depending on the type and concentration of the stain (semen, blood, saliva etc.). Typically a semen or blood stain yields the most DNA.